Abstract: Routers use queues to temporarily hold packets when they can’t process them immediately. Congestion occurs when the arrival rate of packets exceeds the processing capacity, leading to ...

Machine learning is an essential component of artificial intelligence. Whether it’s powering recommendation engines, fraud detection systems, self-driving cars, generative AI, or any of the countless ...

Abstract: Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are essential components in digital signal processing, with their efficiency significantly influenced by the design of multipliers and adders. This work ...